What is stress, the causes of stress? Is it inevitable?

Stress affects many Americans; it is not just a 21st century problem but and issue that people all over the world have experienced since the beginning of time. Stress can if continued can have a negative impact on a person’s life. Stress doesn’t always have to be negative. Stress can also lead to positive results pushing the person undergoing stress to the next level in their life. According to the googled definition, stress is the pressure or tension exerted on a material object. A state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances

What are the main causes is stress? There are various things in a person’s life that can cause stress. In a person’s personal life such as health, emotional problems, your relationship, major changes in life, stress in the family or conflicts with your beliefs and values. There are also social and job related causes of stress as well such as your surroundings, social situation, or job. A person can also desire help when dealing with stress if they have encountered life threatening or traumatic events like death of a loved one, sexual violation, natural disaster or war. Those particular events can cause something that is called (PTSD) post traumatic stress disorder. Stress is your body’s way of responding to any kind of demand or threat.

Often times stress can come from factors on the inside of you rather than the outside. A person can cause unwanted stress by worrying about things that they have no control over. The fear of the unknown can lead to a person becoming stressed. We often watch the local news and hearing of the recent wars, the results of the presidential election and the state our country is in a result, wildfires, earthquakes, bombings etc. can seen us into a state of fear causing stress because we have no control over the outcomes. We know deep down that there is no way to know when, where or how these disasters will happen but the daily coverage on the news makes us believe that the events are more than likely to happen and happen often. We can also experience fear in our own home such as the fear of loneliness, bills not being paid on time, school, work products and children.

The way we perceive things and our responses to them can determine whether we will let it add stress into our lives. For example, you can get a flat tire and if your respond to it as “oh well, I have tire warranty, I’m covered you are less likely to stress you out. “My tire is busted, what if it happens to my other tires; will they continue to cover it?” As for me, my constant worry is I am taking classes’ full time as well as working full time; will I be able to handle this? Do I have the ability to be successful at both? We tend to think that we are perfect without fault. As stated in the article Causes of stress in webmd “If you expect to do everything right, all the time, you’re destined to feel stressed when things don’t go as expected”. When a person experience change in their life, it can be stressful be it a happy or sad event. What we allow to stress us is based on the person that we are.

What can stress do to your body? The hypothalamus, a tiny control tower in our brain, sends out the order: Bring on stress hormones! These stress hormones are the same ones that trigger your body’s “fight or flight” response. Your heart starts to race, breath quickens, and muscles are ready for action. This response was designed to protect the body in an emergency by preparing you to react quickly. But when a person continues to become stressed, the stress response keeps firing, day after day, and it can put your health at serious risk. Below, is a chart that explains the effects of stress on various parts of the body.

Stress is a natural physical and mental reaction to life experiences. Everyone will experience stress from time to time. In all of a sudden, short-term situations, stress can be beneficial to your health. It can help prepare your body with the ability to handle potentially serious situations. If your stress response doesn’t stop firing, these stress levels stay at a heightened level longer than needed for survival and as a result, it can take a toll on your health. Chronic stress can cause a variety of symptoms and affect your overall quality of life.

Behavioral symptoms that causes stress We already know that stress can have serious affects on the body but many do not realize that when you are stressed, it affects your thoughts and feelings, and your behavior. Being able to recognize when you are stressed, can give you a head start managing it. A few common effects of stress on your mood causes anxiety, restlessness, lack of motivation or focus, feeling of being overwhelmed, irritability or anger, and sadness or depression. Common effects of stress on your behavior are overeating/ lack of eating, angry outbursts, drug or alcohol, tobacco use, social withdrawal or change in lifestyle veering away from the things that normally gives you pleasure.

How to manage stress? Because stress is unavoidable, it can be manageable. There are are several ways that you can manage your stress level is by engaging in exercising. Exercising on a daily basis can help change your mood and can be used as a distraction from the worries in life and allows you to come away from the negative thoughts that adds to your stress level. Connecting with others can be a stress reliever as well. Something as simple as being in the company and talking to another person can send signal to your body and ease stress when you are feeling irritated. Engage your senses of touch, taste, seeing, smell, hearing can calm you. Often times when I am feeling stressed, I listen to gospel music or a sermon while at times taking deep breathes has a tendency to calm me. When I do these things, it switches my focus from the negative to the positive.

Learn how to relax we cannot prevent stress from happening in our life however, we can control our response to it. When we use techniques to relax our body like yoga, meditation, and deep breathing send a signal to our body to relax. Eating right is another way to help us manage stress. The foods that we decide to put into our bodies can help or hurt the way we feel and our ability to handle situations. Lastly, getting plenty of rest also helps. When our bodies are tired, stress can cause us to respond in a way that we normally would not if we had the ability to think rationally. If we are under stress, we either have a hard time falling asleep or have a hard time sleeping the entire night.

When children face stress, unfortunately they do not always have the tools to help them manage the stress as adults do. As adults, it is our job to help a child cope when they are experiencing stress. Before a child is born, it can be affected by stress if the mother is experiencing a period of stress while the child is still in the womb. The brain is the primary stress organ. The mother has cortisol levels in her body that can affect the developing fetus. If the mother is stressed, it can directly affect to the well-being of the unborn child.

Stress levels that are positive and easily tolerated by the body are safe. However, stress that is toxic can increase the risk of premature birth, low birth weight and other complications. Stress can also be linked to I impaired mental, behavioral and motor development in the baby. For children, their bodies and minds are still growing, so coping strategies would be extremely important for them. High levels of stress early on have been connected to impaired behavioral and emotional development as well as numerous health impacts later on in life.

In conclusion, stress is a powerful thing that can help or hurt a person. The way in which we allow it to affect our life is how we respond to the stressful event. Everyone needs to have the ability and the tools needed for them to get through their situation. Given that children are not capable to do the things necessary to manage stress, we must guide them through the process which is similar to the way that adults need to get through situations. Initially, when I saw that a 6-8 pages research paper was the midterm for this class I immediately when through mixed emotions causing stress on me. I did not sleep at all last night worrying if I could get the job done. After going through various emotions, it was up to me to either let it get me down and take a toll on me or take a deep breath and tackle my exam head first.

Bibliography:

Helpguide.org. (2017). Stress Symptoms, Signs, and Causes: Improving Your Ability to Handle Stress. [online] Available at: https://www.helpguide.org/articles/stress/stress-symptoms-signs-and-causes.htm [Accessed 17 Oct. 2017].

Mayoclinic.org. (2017). Stress symptoms: Effects on your body and behavior – Mayo Clinic. [online] Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress-symptoms/art-20050987?p=1 [Accessed 17 Oct. 2017].

Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (2017). Neglect. [online] Available at: https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/deep-dives/neglect/ [Accessed 17 Oct. 2017]

Pinterest. (2017). Best 10+ Physical effects of stress ideas on Pinterest | Psychological effects of stress, Negative effects of stress and Physical symptoms of anxiety. Available at: https://www.pinterest.com/explore/physical-effects-of-stress/?lp=true [Accessed 17 Oct. 2017].

Mental Health Among African American Children

Mental disorders among children are described as serious changes in the way children typically learn, behave, or handle their emotions, causing distress and problems getting through the day. (Perou, Blumberg, Pastor, Ghandour, et al., 2013) According to the Center for Disease Control (2016), children may experience mental health issues if they have a parent with poor mental health or live in a neighborhood that lack support. Conditions such as Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, anxiety problems, behavioral or conduct problems such as oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder may develop. These adverse effects may stem from sociodemographic factors or environmental influences. The onset of symptoms are often recognized in early childhood. (Bitsko, Holbrook, Robinson, Kaminski, Ghandour, Smith, and Peacock, 2016)

African American children may have additional barriers as it relates to mental health. Generally there is a lack of understanding regarding mental disorders which leads to a lack of care. Parents distrust many health professionals and therefore do not share potential contributing factors or mental health history. Consultation, collaboration, and communication between educators and parents could lead to referrals to diagnosticians or health professionals for proper care.

To better understand the impact of mental disorders, educators can learn more about the signs and symptoms, promote the importance of mental health with families, and understand the impact of treatment and intervention strategies. Training in cultural competence is an added benefit when working with African American children and other minorities.

Resilience

Stress comes in many different forms. Resilience is how one copes with stress. It too can be in various forms. Signs of physical stress may include headaches and other psychosomatic symptoms. An example of resilience could be not taking on so many projects and learning how to emphatically say no when you are already overwhelmed.

Some factors and strategies on building resiliency have been identified by the American Psychological Association (2004). These factors include (a) the capacity for building caring and supportive relationships, (b) the ability to communicate skillfully and solve problems, (c) the capacity to make realistic plans and take steps to carry them out, (d) a positive self-image and confidence in their strengths and abilities, and (e) the ability to manage strong feelings and impulses. Having a supportive network, making positive connections with others, avoiding perception of crises as insurmountable, accepting change as a part of life, and implementing self-care are strategies that contribute to building resiliency.

Educators must be able to recognize signs of stress in students. Teaching coping strategies is a valuable tool in building resiliency. Dismissing behavior as tittle-tattling, unfocused, or temperamental could be a missed opportunity to recognize mental health concerns. Bullying, sleeping in class, and being disruptive are generally behaviors that constitute disciplinary action in schools. However, developing a rapport and effective communication with students and their families may divulge underlying issues.

Combating the beginning signs of mental illness with a combination of coping mechanisms, stress management techniques, and resources encourages cultural competency when collaborating with families to educate and establish relationships. Collaboration and communication minimizes assumptions and stereotyping. The goal is to promote wellness and support families with acknowledgement and respect. Professional school counselors can assist educators and families with workshops, resources, or educational information regarding stress, cultural competency, mental health, and resilience.

Cultural competency checklist

An initial guide to address cultural competency level would be to consider the following questions:

  • Am I being dismissive of what is being said because my experiences were different?
  • Am I using language that is considered as microaggressions or microinsults?
  • In what lens am I viewing the individual’s issues? Could there be some countertransference?
  • Is the individual’s best interest the focus of the treatment?

The Narrative Study of Educators During COVID-19 Pandemic

Summary:
In March of 2020, the landscape of America’s colleges and universities changed permanently with the greatest health crisis in generations. The coronavirus is a deadly health concern, as of October 2020, COVID-19 has stricken more than 3 million Americans and cost over 200,000 thousand lives. Relative to higher education, advancing from face to face to remote instruction has impacted the multiple roles and responsibilities, instructors and professors find themselves.
Due to the abrupt shift to online, faculty, department heads, coordinators and deans’ from colleges and universities were forced in a matter of weeks to find innovative and flexible strategies to adjust to students who were assigned internships, practicum experiences, student teaching, and with remote instruction. Testimonials of four such researchers during these unprecedented times will be shared.

ABSTRACT
This proposal will highlight findings of research conducted by four African American female professors from different universities in the state of Louisiana. perspectives of multiple teaching remote teaching platforms pertaining to their teaching responsibilities. The impact of this interruption eliminated the structured professional environment of teaching, advising, research, and service that was once existed. Institutions are now implementing new guidelines and structures in every aspect of higher education.
Statement of the Problem
In March of 2020, the landscape of America’s colleges and universities changed permanently with the greatest health crisis in generations. The Coronavirus pandemic is a complex issue and as of July, COVID-19 has stricken more than 3 million Americans and cost over 200,00 lives. Teaching across the spectrum of higher education institutions were interrupted globally Pre-K to college students experiencing abrupt interruptions with internships, practicums, and student teaching. This has had an overall impact on teaching and the perspectives of multiple roles for professors and instructors in our society. Due to the abrupt shift to online learning, institutions are now in need to implement new guidelines, and teaching evaluations. It is imperative for faculty to have “a centralized sounding board for faculty to voice concerns, paired with transparent communication across organizational levels”(Rottenberg & Gruber, 2020), as it can shape the administration’s structural response”(Advice to Academic Administrators for How to Best Support Faculty during the Pandemic (Opinion) | Inside Higher Ed, 2020), “including department chairs and committees tasked with evaluating faculty, will ensure the effective implementation of those policies throughout the institution”( Rottenberg & Gruber, 2020). The first intent of the article will highlight the finding of the research conducted on Four African American female researchers from different universities, as the examined the perspectives of multiple teaching roles in the state of Louisiana during these unprecedented times. The second intent will focus and determine the impact of the interruption of a structured professional environment on teaching, advising, research, and service. “While the pandemic is challenging universities at many different levels, it is possible to respond to its impact on faculty while still maintaining a focus on equity”( Advice to Academic Administrators for How to Best Support Faculty during the Pandemic (Opinion) | Inside Higher Ed, 2020).
“Every outbreak provides an opportunity to gain important information, some of which is associated with a limited window of opportunity.” -Dr. Anthony Fauci, MD., 2020

PERSPECTIVES OF FACULTY TEACHING DURING COVID-19 ONSET

Introduction
America’s higher educational systems today are faced with many challenges: one of these is meeting the standards of faculty and teaching in a safe environment. According to Harvard University Professor Fernando Reimer, “This pandemic is likely to cause the most serious disruption to opportunity to learn globally in a century, widening already significant disparities in educational opportunity within and across nations” (Toward a Global Response to COVID-19, 2020). All college students, high school, junior high, elementary students, as well as Pre-K children are disheartened by much of what has occurred in their schools, colleges and universities impacting all of America (Anderson, 2020). Educational interruptions created an environment where professors in institutions of higher learning were challenged to assess pedagogy, the methods of teaching, advisement, and overall instructional methodology from a new and innovative perspective. As study conducted by Times magazine, interviewed teachers across the US in 2018, as rise of protests for wages were sweeping the nation. “Two years later, as educators face an entirely new set of challenges caused by the coronavirus pandemic, we followed up with these teachers to see how they’re preparing for an unprecedented school year” (This Is What It’s Like to Be a Teacher During the Pandemic, 2020). A teacher from Oklahama wrote in Times Magazine, 2020 as a part of the study, “My colleagues and I have been stressed since spring break because we care, and we’re worried and we know the ins and outs of our jobs, and we know that what the CDC is recommending for in-person learning just isn’t really feasible, considering the lack of funding that we’ve had for a decade”( This Is What It’s Like to Be a Teacher During the Pandemic, 2020). Another educator was reported saying, “I am teaching in an empty classroom, and it’s kind of sad”(This Is What It’s Like to Be a Teacher During the Pandemic, 2020). “This sudden shift in “The New Normal” transcended teaching in a new way that will be evaluated, analyzed, and studied for years to come. According to Fernando Reimers, Global Education Innovation Initiative at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, (Toward a Global Response to COVID-19, 2020) “leaders of public and private education institutions” are putting “in place alternative methods for students and teachers to continue with their lessons when attending school is not possible and are working on methods that will make schools fit for working in a safe environment”( Toward a Global Response to COVID-19, 2020). Teachers, faculty members from colleges and universities were forced in a matter of weeks to find innovative and flexible strategies to adjust to students who were assigned to internships, practicum experiences, and student teaching across the United States. This article will further focus on educators and their testimonials during these unprecedented times.
COVID-19 Problem
To better understand the turmoil teachers have been going through we first must understand the problem with COVID-19 pandemic. The latest threat to global health is the ongoing outbreak of the respiratory disease that was recently given the name Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Covid-19 was recognized in December 2019. It was rapidly shown to be caused by a novel coronavirus that is structurally related to the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This threat caused interruptions for students in various programs in academia to stop, change, and adjust their academic studies which involved in an increase in reported illnesses such as anxiety and depression.
According to Karlovitch Assistant Editor of The Pharmacy Times (Karlovitch, 2020) and a new study published in the Journal of the Medical Internet Research, “During the initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, college students were more depressed and anxious than they were during similar time frames in previous academic years” (Karlovitch, 2020). Furthermore, according to the World Health Organization, “College students, many of whom are already stressed, reported an increase in depression and anxiety during the initial outbreak. Similarly, a study published by Dartmouth College observed “a notable increase in self- reported symptoms of anxiety and depression during the onset of COVID-19” (Karlovitch, 2020). Therefore, educators are not only focusing on their teaching, but also are fearful for the lives of their students and the strong negative effects the pandemic has on them. Through the reported time frame “major policy changes, such as the switch to remote learning, took place” (Karlovitch, 2020).
“The latest study from the Well Being Trust, a nonprofit foundation, estimates that COVID-19 may lead to anywhere from 27,644 to 154,037 additional U.S. deaths of despair, as mass unemployment, social isolation, depression and anxiety drive increases in suicides and drug overdoses”( Rottenberg & Gruber, 2020). The time is now, to study, and inform the general public of the strains that the academia is feeling during these unprecedented times. The research will further show, that educators are utilizing their resources the best they can to provide. “Peer programs have great flexibility; after orientation and training, peer leaders are capable of helping individual clients or groups, in person, online or via the phone. Initial data shows these approaches can successfully treat severe mental illness and depression” (Rottenberg & Gruber, 2020). Due to this, educators are asked to change their whole curriculum and to leave their comfort zones of an established work routine, which further effects their daily lives and how they have been teaching previously to COVID-19.

Narrative Themes and Demographics:
Each of the themes derived from the narratives are lived experiences of the faculty and are based on pure and honest observations based on various teaching styles, learning strategies, university flexibility in teaching modules, pedagogical strategies, commonality and extraordinary commitment to student success. The ability to serve, work, commune, research and collaborate within the members has allowed for an increase of professional presentation, manuscript, book chapter reviews, mentorship coupled with publications. The overall enhancement of shared teaching styles during and before the Pandemic and the protests during the Pandemic garnered an extraordinary bond of cohesiveness that increased productivity from weekly virtual meetings and ongoing teleconferences among the faculty members.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The Theoretical and Conceptual Framework for this study addresses the central question’s focus of exploring the impact that the onset of COVID-19 Pandemic had on the teaching experience. In this context, the theoretical focus is on Phenomenology Theory. The theory of phenomenology supports this study’s quest to acquire information from professors at three universities regarding their perception of how their responsibility to teach was impacted by the pandemic. According to Webb and Walsh (2019), phenomenology emphasizes the world as experienced by the person. It is referred to as a “practice rather than a system”. Phenomenology seeks to uncover the truth and describe experiences. Thus, the lived experiences of the targeted population and the reality and meaning ascribed to this experience is the focus of inquiry in phenomenology. Quotoshi (2018) specifies that phenomenology is not limited to knowing it is a source of intellectual engagement in which meaning is attributed to the world of individuals. Phenomenological approaches are more effective in describing the realities of a specified phenomenon. In essence it highlights the insights, beliefs, and motivation of the participants, which in this case are the educators in the target population. Phenomenology is the theory of choice when seeking to ensure that the experiences of a population is heard. Webb and Walsh (2019) specify that phenomenology is rigorous and that it attributes to the literature’s informed research.
The conceptual model for this study, as cited in Figure 1, depicts the educator’s application of teaching skills in the midst of the pandemic. The model reflects the educator as being the provider of educational services. It further identifies the student has seeking to acquire instruction in the midst of a pandemic. Initially, and as specified in Figure 1, the student is depicted as being outside of the continuum of educational services provided by the educator. The model implies that the educator is responsible for the continual delivery of academic services, even at the onset of a pandemic. The Pandemic, which is depicted as a larger rectangle is reflected as infringing upon the life of the student and educator, as well as on the acquisition of academic goals.

Figure 1:

RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
The study of focus is based upon the following research questions, that are answered by the interviewed professors in the following narratives.
1. As a faculty member teaching during the COVID 19 pandemic what were your experiences? Explain your experiences.
2. Did you experience any challenges as a faculty member as a result of the COVID-19 shut down in March 2020 what where your experiences? Please Explain.
The answers to these questions are provided below in a personal narrative format. These are the words of four professors, who were faculty members and that are and have been teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic.

NARRATIVES OF PROFESSOR A, B, C, and D.

The Story of Professor – A
This pandemic is unprecedented because it affected people internationally at the same time. Here I share my experience of how COVID-19 impacted me as an academician. I am a current professor in a counseling program accredited by the Counseling Accreditation for Counseling Related Educational Programs (CACREP). This past spring of 2020, the educational system has been ultimately changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
I teach on a quarter system in a counseling program accredited by Counseling Accreditation for Counseling Related Educational Programs (CACREP). Our Spring quarter began in early March of 2020. Within one of my courses, students are to demonstrate multiple basic counseling skills such as attending behavior like eye contact and body language, active listening, reflection, and summarizing. The feedback the received is from me, their instructor and peer to peer review. The curriculum requires the students to attend one counseling session with a licensed professional counselor during the quarter. Internship and Practicum requires field experience. As the spring semester began a few short month later due to COVID-19 everyone was quarantined. All classes that once attended through in person learning where to be conducted via the internet.
We were not to go on campus unless it was absolutely necessary. We also had to work from home remotely with office hours, attend department meetings, advise, and conduct interviews for prospective new students via Zoom.
I had to revamp just about everything. I had to revise the syllabi. I had to make exceptions to things that generally were not acceptable. It was frightening to know that most sites were closed so students initially could not obtain hours and I had a student scheduled to graduate that quarter. For the Techniques course I had to allow the students to record their skill demonstrations via Zoom. Trying to assess attending behavior such as nonverbal communication (eye contact, proximity to each other, body language) virtually is difficult if not impossible. Some students had internet issues so their sessions would cut off and then they would try to resume where they left off.
When listening to their taped sessions, some parts were difficult because they were required to wear masks. I had another student who wanted to go but feared contracting the coronavirus. The student who was graduating remained at the original site but conducted online sessions. The clients at this particular site were university students and most went home during the pandemic, therefore sessions were limited.
In the interim when students could not find clients, I assigned students from my Techniques course who were willing to help out. Some were hesitant but counseling was a part of the course. Meanwhile in a listserv that I am a member of, there was ongoing debate about what universities were doing with students, namely allowing a pass/fail option versus a letter grade, and CACREP’s refusal to allow practicum and internship students to count hours that were not with “real” clients. There were colleagues who warned against students going to sites to gain hours and threatening their safety. Other colleagues suggested that we recommend students drop and retake the course the following quarter. It was a lot to contend with and there were not any real answers. It was frustrating to respond to students’ countless questions with “I don’t know”.
It felt like working overtime because faculty, staff, students, and family wanted everything immediately. Being pulled in so many directions I had to remind myself to stay calm and practice self-care, which I often stress to my students. I had to get used to having pets, babies, and spouses present during class in our new normal of remote instruction. I also had to get used to not seeing students’ faces when they preferred to use the “stop video” to disable their camera. As the pandemic continues, so does remote learning. We are adapting, learning, and growing together through this pandemic, as we juggle children, homeschooling, and remote teaching from the same location. Our homes.
I began to utilize Zoom in a personal constructive way. In addition to communicating with students, I connected with friends and family in a new way. I created Conversations with the Counselor and I invited those that wanted to discuss various issues, some COVID related to come together virtually. It was therapeutic in many ways because people realized that they were not alone. We were getting used to practicing social distancing, but it did not mean we had to lose connection with others. People wanted and needed encouragement to remain helpful in such unprecedented times. We had to find the silver lining behind the clouds. More studies need to be conducted, as they will further help establish necessary resources, we as teachers need.

The Story of Professor – B
Being a news buff, when I first heard of the coronavirus, it was reported in Wuhan, China, in late December. I remember thinking, if it is there and spreading so fast, it is a matter of time before it hits the United States. Although, no one in this country took it seriously at first, it was perceived by many as “just another virus” like the flu. When it manifested itself in this country and people began contracting it and dying at an alarming rate, after thinking about family, I immediately thought about my classes.
At that particular time, I was teaching two undergraduate level courses and a doctoral level course. The format for the doctoral course was hybrid. Therefore, the transition to adapting to online was no problem. However, the problem came with the undergraduate level students. They were unaccustomed to online/remote instruction. With that being the case, most were not ready for this new method of learning and being assessed which posed a horrendous challenge for me. Attempting to teach undergraduates remotely and realizing they were not disciplined enough for this independent instructional approach caused not only major problems for me but the administration as well. It was imperative for a new system to be created in a hurry to try to remain in control of the coming “new normal.” Not only was this impacting student but faculty there was a severe impact on the faculty. Those unaccustomed to teaching remotely were required to take a series of online training courses to become knowledgeable about the different platforms that could be used in remote instructing and assessing.
Not only was teaching and assessing undergraduates a challenge but, so was grading. I asked the question, should I be more lenient in my grading for those not demonstrating success in the course or assign the grade they actually made? My ultimate decision was to assign everyone a passing grade although, not all of them passed the course. To me, this was the best way to handle the grading because the university decided that because of this “new” way of teaching and testing, students could appeal the final grade assigned by the instructor and more than likely, win the appeal.
For me, the idea of this pandemic and its dreadful, deadly impact is a reminder that humanity is witnessing moments of extreme uncertainty and an unprecedented global health crisis. Although it is impossible to foresee where this pandemic is heading, certainly, a new chapter in our history has just begun.

The Story of Professor – C
The nightly news from January 1, 2020 – March 15, 2020 featured stories about this new and mysterious upper respiratory virus called Coronavirus (COVID-19). The students discussed in my land-based classes and online classes in the weekly conference call discussions as we towed with how COVID-19 was not impacting children or young people, but the elderly was contracting the virus and many were fatal. The hospitals were beginning to prepare for a nationwide pandemic. In shock, many of my students in the Internship Class were terrified as they had just been placed in various childcare facilities, schools and agencies throughout North Louisiana. I assured all my students that the university would notify them soon about plans for the remainder of the semester. Governor Jon Bel Edwards on March 15, 2020 made the formal announcement that the state of Louisiana was behind the state of New York in declaring a State of Emergency and everyone was ordered to be on lockdown for the remainder of March until March 31, 2020. My department chair and I discussed how to make the transition seamless for the students and prepared a plan of action for our FCS students to do their work online. The silver lining in this entire story was that our FCS program has a myriad of courses that are taught online, so the transition from land-based to online courses was automatic and engaging. Our students were very knowledgeable in navigating the online management system of Canvas. We continued our daily coursework and weekly sessions as if things were normal. However, the students knew things were not normal and they discussed in Canvas on a weekly basis and I incorporated comments and reflections into our weekly Internship Conference Calls, which I always ended with a positive quote, as we were and continue to be living in the unknown, with a hope for a better tomorrow.
“It is through our struggles that we gain our victories” – Dr. Atty. E. Faye Williams
“This too shall pass”
“It’s O.K. to not be O.K.” –
“You are your best thing” – Toni Morrison
“You are the kings and queens” – LeBron James
“Educating the mind without educating the heart, is no education at all”- Aristotle
“When faced with a challenge look for a way, not a way out”
Some of recurring themes from students’ experiences with COVID-19 are captured below:
“I need to know what is going on and when we will come back to campus”
“Will I graduate; will we have a graduation. I am really disappointed about all of this”
“We really cannot do anything about this – at all”
“This is scary, really scary”
“My children are with me all day and I am so frustrated.”
“I really don’t know if I am going to have a job – we all had to just go home”
The Complete Lockdown of the U.S. Economy due to the Coronavirus warranted a closer view of the impact on my students below:
“I am out of work now and don’t have anything to look forward to”
“This is not fair. I worked so hard to get to this point and now this”
“God will see us through”
“I am just trying to hold on and graduate and get a job.”
Over the next weeks and months and as time passed on (April – June, 2020), the horror for some students compelled me to observe closely and paying attention to their ongoing comments and voices about how they had been impacted by the Coronavirus:
Some in my classes:
1. Some lost their jobs.
2. Some of their spouses lost their jobs.
3. Some lost family members to COVID-19.
4. 3 students even contracted COVID-19 while attending my class.
This was a very difficult semester and during this time it was even more challenging to keep the class going, the students motivated, but I persisted to the end of the semester and even into registration for the Summer and Fall sessions.
I found myself having multiple roles as the Instructor of Record, teacher, mother-figure, pastor, friend, mentor, counselor, encourager, motivator, and coach. While I always value my time as their instructor, I found myself with an added intentional focus on ensuring that they were well – educationally, personally, mentally, socially and professionally. The movement of re-opening the economy was uplifting as I sent the Stimulus information and Cares Act Information to my students and encouraged them to apply for any aide that they were eligible for. The time passed quickly, but as we move to plan for the Fall 2020 and Spring 2020 semesters, I am confident that my students will prevail. These Unprecedented times enforce the following quotes of wisdom. “NEVER GIVE UP” and “You Must Be The Change You Wish To See in the World” – by: Gandhi.

The Story of Professor -D
I still clearly remember the first news reports that I heard about the virus, that is infamously known as COVID-19. Within weeks those initial reports turned into morbid accounts of deaths associated with the rising number of cases. Watching those news reports were a part of my lesson plan development for the upcoming week. As an alumna assistant professor at a HBCU, I wanted my students to be prepared and armed with current information to make an impact on individuals, groups, and communities. Therefore, the importance of visiting credible news outlets was ingrained into the educational process. There was always time to discuss a trending story, and eventually the discussion would lead to identifying the implications for social work practice, my field of study. In preparation for a practice class held in late February, I opted to visit the Centers for Disease Control website and pull an infographic that detailed strategies to prevent COVID-19 virus infection spread. My targeted learners were my master-level practice students. The majority of those students were engaged in field education course work, which is commonly called an internship. The students were attentive and fully engaged in the discussion. Some even voiced plans to share the content of our discussion with their field supervisors and clients. Two students even agreed to make a COVID-19 prevention informational poster, that was displayed in the student computer center. However, we did not know what changes were in store, but time would definitely unravel a new story.
Keeping with my daily schedule of watching CNN reports, the reports began to surface that universities were leaving their campuses and shifting to online instruction. I knew that changes were coming, and indeed they did. A received an email that students were being instructed to leave campus and professors would be meeting to discuss educational goals for the remainder of the semester. The instruction was to prepare for 100% online instruction. As a program director, I received a few calls from students regarding the lack of technological equipment. Referrals were being made to fulfill this need so that academic goals could be met without interruption. Additionally, all students engaged in field education courses were pulled from their placement. Agencies with little awareness regarding this virus were closing, and there was no reopen date in sight. In our first departmental meeting and signing of telework assignments, some faculty said that this would pass and we would be back in a few weeks or early summer. Some seemed to be able to tell the future, because they alluded to the fact that it would probably get worse before it got better. Nevertheless, the team rallied together. Those instructors that were savvy in developing online courses helped those that had never engaged in the process. The environment was filled with a spirit of reciprocal learning. I am truly grateful to work in an environment where others share their expertise with such vigor. However, there was still more to deal with. How were our learners taking this shift in the educational process?
For some students, the transition was easy, whereas others talked about a sudden culmination of roles. This culmination of roles was especially voiced in the life of nontraditional students that were faced with care of family, work in some instances, and now navigating the online classroom. In some instances, anxiety levels rose and words of encouragement were extended as a means of support. The academic world had suddenly changed, and I (with my students) was in the midst of a pandemic. The life lessons were infiltrating my day to day life. I realized the importance of stressing that all students purchased internet accessible devices with webcams and microphones. In the classroom, the webcam provided that face to face contact that was needed to truly engage learner’s acclimation to this new process. Furthermore, staying abreast of faculty training in technology was of the utmost importance. Knowledge of platforms like Teams and Zoom were vital in the quest to stay connected. I was so thankful that I had embraced technology training opportunities when they became available. Indeed, this learning premise was shared with my students to promote cutting edge skills in a society that was sure to embrace technology as a means to stay safe.
As the weeks passed, students adjusted and seemed to approach life with respect for the “new normal”. Some stated that life had not unleashed its demands on them and that they would have to weather this storm. As an educator, I too had to adjust. My technology skills were being sharpened and the process was quick. I was also faced with sharing my skills set with others and they shared their skills with me. My home had suddenly become my office and my classroom.
My new office had a television that was saturated with stories from mayors, policy makers, and other political leaders about the impact that COVID-19 was having on the world. In some instances, I had to take breaks from these ongoing news reports were words like death and COVID-19 were routine. My task to prepare social workers to meet the challenges that would be issued in years to come were now more important than ever. Teaching during COVID-19 has its challenges, but this road of uncertainty is met with hope for the academic future. I envision a future that prioritizes student academic success and the professional development of faculty to meet the demands of the “new normal”.
Results
The results and the testimony of the four professors revealed that while the COVID-19 pandemic brought about much uncertainty and hesitation, it also brought about the possibility for advancement, positive change in the lives of both the professors and the students. The stories told within this article similarly correlated to the stories told by Time Magazine (2020), as one teacher wrote to Time “There won’t be assemblies or pep rallies. The marching band season has already been cancelled. Everything that makes kids like coming to school is just gone. I think maybe kids and families have in their head that it’s going to be like before COVID. But it’s not going to be anything like that” (This Is What It’s Like to Be a Teacher During the Pandemic, 2020). This sentiment is shared, in particular with the academia professionals, teaching courses whose practicum/internship courses are normally administered face to face and inside non university facilities and organizations.
More importantly (or of most significance), most students (and who relied on physical/face to face communication) revealed to professors that they were struggling emotionally trying to deal with the transition of the new course format as well as their at home situations that were also negatively impacted by COVID (e.g. family members, juggling jobs, loss of jobs, etc.). These negative effects eventually spilled over into the personal lives of the professors as well. To most significant findings from the perspectives is the obvious emotional toll experienced by all of the professors teaching during the spring semester. “It’s just an awful situation to be in” (This Is What It’s Like to Be a Teacher During the Pandemic, 2020).
Aside from the additional work tasks being placed upon them by university mandates and course reformatting (e.g. syllabus and canvas/online training, regrading etc.) issues, all of the professors reported feeling the added strain or pressure of having to “make it work” and “going the extra mile” to make certain that all students were not only placed (e.g. writing letter or making extra As one professor stated, “I had to reassure every student after every virtual meeting that IT IS OK TO NOT BE OK.” This mantra became important not only for the students, but for the professor as well, because who is there at the end of the day when we need to express our frustrations or be reassured that others care for our well-being also.

The light at the end of the tunnel can be visualized when we see a picture of professors who now have more contact with students individually then they ever have before. The closing of offices and classrooms prompted professors to engage the students both socially and academically more often via phone and online environments. Although professors report experiencing more frustration and stress than in previous semesters, it was observed that the majority also felt a sense of accomplishment for being able to alleviate the constant fears of the students while also becoming more connected to their own family and friends via zoom or other online networking applications for which they sought relief. It is reported by the majority of the professors that the new teaching format forced them to learn new and more innovative ways to interact with students outside of traditional methods. This meant brushing up on the latest technological advancements and computer software.

Conclusions and Recommendations
This study was designed to examine the four faculty members’ lived experiences, reflections, and perspectives of teaching during the pandemic caused by COVID-19. In describing their continuous growth and continuity during this transitional time in higher education in the United States, this study captured their innermost thoughts and experiences of teaching, advising, mentoring, and motivating their students to succeed in these most trying and overwhelming times during their internships, practicums, and student teaching. The underlying factors of teaching, advising, research, and service were not faltered as a result of the Pandemic according to all of the participants in this study. The underlying premise in all of the narratives is that all of the faculty members remained structured and worked toward success even during this unprecedented time of turmoil, transition, and uncertainty. As one teacher reported to Time Magazine 2020, “things that I feel are central to my classroom community and what gets students to trust me enough to ask for help. I am afraid of students just sitting there in silence for 30 school days and not knowing how to make it better. There is nothing I can do to force them to participate. We’re preparing to revamp our curriculum, so that it’s a lot more responsive to the students” (This Is What It’s Like to Be a Teacher During the Pandemic, 2020). It is the time now to focus and acknowledge that things are not as they used to be. Today we need to focus on different solutions as the pandemic continuous. “Expecting the same output as in previous years, even though many people have less time and more stress than ever, is not a sustainable or humane solution. The world is not normal—so the way we do science cannot be normal either” (Academia Needs a Reality Check: Life Is Not Back to Normal, 2020). The participants all recommend that faculty in higher educational institutions seek mentors to help them navigate the Academia, by working together in small learning groups.

References

Grubic, N., Badovinac, S., & Johri, A. M. (2020). Student mental health in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for further research and immediate solutions. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 002076402092510. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020925108

How a New College President Views the COVID-19 Crisis – EdSurge News. (2020, April 15). EdSurge. https://www.edsurge.com/news/2020-04-15-how-a-new-college-president-views-the-covid-19-crisis
Advice to academic administrators for how to best support faculty during the pandemic (opinion) | Inside Higher Ed. (2020). www.Insidehighered.com. Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2020/09/04/advice-academic-administrators-how-best-support-faculty-during-pandemic-opinion

Karlorvitch, S. (2020) COVID-19 Pandemic Has Major Impact on Mental Health of College Students [Review of COVID-19 Pandemic Has Major Impact on Mental Health of College Students]. https://www.Pharmacytimes.Com/Ns/Covid-19-Pandemic-Has-Major-Impact-on-Mental-Health-of-College-Students; Pharmacy Times
Toward a Global Response to COVID-19. (2020). Harvard Graduate School of Education. https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/uk/20/04/toward-global-response-covid-19
Miller, J. (2014) “The Effectiveness of the Critical Friends Model for Teacher Collaboration”. Capstone Projects and Master’s Theses. 587. https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/caps_thes/587
Qutoshi, S. B. (2018). Phenomenology: A philosophy and method of inquiry. Journal of Education and
Educational Development, v.5 n1, pp. 215-222. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1180603.pdf.

Academia needs a reality check: Life is not back to normal. (2020, August 28). Science | AAAS. https://www.sciencemag.org/careers/2020/08/academia-needs-reality-check-life-not-back-normal
Rottenberg, J., & Gruber, J. (n.d.). Flattening the mental health curve is the next big coronavirus challenge. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/flattening-the-mental-health-curve-is-the-next-big-coronavirus-challenge-139066
This Is What It’s Like to Be a Teacher During the Pandemic. (2020). Time. https://time.com/5883384/teachers-coronavirus/
Webb, A.S. &Welsh, A.J. (2019). Phenomenology as a methodology for scholarship of teaching and
learning research. Teaching & Learning Inquiry 7(1), pp. 168-222. https://search-ebscohost-com.grambling.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1213106&site=eds-live

Tiffany L. W. Bates, Ph.D

Tiffany L. W. Bates, Ph.D

Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
Louisiana Tech University

Suzanne Mynette Mayo, Ph.D.

Suzanne Mynette Mayo, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
Louisiana Tech University

Dr. Elise H. Reed, Ed.D., LCSW-BACS

Dr. Elise H. Reed, Ed.D., LCSW-BACS

Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
Louisiana Tech University

Dr. Karletta White Longhorn, Ph.D.

Dr. Karletta White Longhorn, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
Louisiana Tech University

A Critique of Why American Students Haven’t Gotten Better at Reading in 20 Years

Reading is Fundamental is a term that we use often in our schools, churches and families across America. Infants and toddlers in some cultures are exposed to written as well as oral language. In American families, adults and infants, toddlers and elementary school age children of all cultural groups spend time together reading stories or browsing other written materials. When parents read with toddlers and elementary children, they promote literacy skills, such as how to handle books, turn pages and master the content in the book.

Various experiences are warm and enjoyable and how, early in life, that reading is interesting and worthwhile. In shared reading activities, children learn that stories are read with a certain pacing and intonation. As young children, many school age students respond to parent’s book reading in unique and complex ways. Some children have been found to imitate events in a story after they have heard it. They also are more accurate in their reenactments the more times they have heard and read a story. This suggests that parents and caregivers should begin identifying children’s favorite picture books and rereading them, even before 2 years of age.

The reason so many children have not gotten better at reading in 20 years is complex. The future of reading in America is the result of a myriad of social norms and advancements in technology. Children’s brains now react not only to whether words sounded differently, but also to whether they are familiar or unfamiliar words. At the young age of 5 years old, the speech-processing region of brain appears to be very sensitive to detecting and analyzing language based on both speech sounds and meaning.

Some child and family service programs, such as Head Start, Even Start and the Family Resource Center now include literacy interventions for infants, toddler and young children. A few studies have been conducted to examine the effects of reading strategies that address the impact of why we haven’t gotten better at reading in the U.S. in the past 20 years, aimed at the cultural and contextual differences among today’s children. The bottom line is that it is NEVER TO EARLY TO READ TO CHILDREN.

Some children also have language delays. Additionally, some language delays have clearly specified causes. Some are: 1) Hearing impairment; 2) Down Syndrome; 3) Autism and 4) General Language Delays. The term delay causes some confusion, however, it implies that
some children will simply catch up with their peers in language and reading competence over tie. This is not always the case. Children with general language delays as toddlers or in preschool years are more likely to have language, reading, and academic problems and will be identified as having learning disabilities later in life. Unfortunately, some children have been identified as having reading delays merely because they are from families of different cultures or because they speak different dialects or languages. Educators, child and family professionals and policy makers should take great care not to assume that language differences are deficits.

The future of reading is clear, and the implication is even clearer. Policymakers have pushed for more testing of reading and mathematics in narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor children in our schools in America. However, these failed policies, laws and even strategies have left a generation of children less equipped to read and explore languages over the past few years. The answer to this ongoing dilemma is not as complicated as it appears. The need for teachers and educators to motivate, nurture and challenge our children in the developmental years worked in the 1960’s – 1990’s. Children and parents seemed to care about mutual responsibilities in the family and time was not marred with meetings, extended work hours and far less family time. Today, children and parents are stressed and stretched to the limit filling the day with activities that keep children busy yet, not engaged in the fundamental learning of the 3 R’s: 1) Reading, 2) Writing and 3) Arithmetic. Until our focus returns to READING IS FUNDAMENTAL – we will be continuing to have generations of children becoming adults who are unequipped with the necessary skills to advance themselves and their future families. Ultimately, we will be having this same conversation for years to come contemplating the question: Why Haven’t We Gotten Better at Reading over the past 20 years. It will be a shame if in 2050, we are reading this article and dealing with the same issue about reading 20 or 30 years from today.

Suzanne Mynette Mayo, Ph.D

Suzanne Mynette Mayo, Ph.D

Lecturer, Family and Consumer Sciences Department,
Grambling State University, Grambling, LA

DR. DONALDO BATISTE SUPERINTENDENT- Waukegan Public Schools

Moments before his mad dash to an all too familiar school board meeting, Dr. Donaldo Batiste took a few moments from his busy schedule to speak to us on the importance of education and parenting.

MODERN PARENTS Magazine: What was your favorite educational experience, or experiences, as a child?

Superintendent Batiste: As a child, I vividly remember from pre-school age to high school, always wanting to be a teacher.  Our family was reared in the rural south (Gray, LA), and as such, we did not have television until I was 7 years old (second grade).  Being the seventh of eight children in my family, our greatest pastime was being read to by our parents and by our older brothers and sisters.  Needless to say, each of them espoused being the teacher when they read to us.  I always was impatient until the time would come and I could be the teacher and read to my siblings. I will never forget…it was the day before Thanksgiving in 1958 (before I entered formal schooling in August, 1959) when I was granted the opportunity to read to my parents because I insisted that I could.  I can still see the incredulous looks on both their faces.  I don’t know who was more excited that I could read, I or them?! It was from that humble beginning that my insatiable appetite for reading and teaching were given wings. To this date, I still recognize this beginning as my favorite educational experience as a child.

MPM: How did your parents send the message that education was a priority in your home?

Batiste: My parents, who never completed high school, but did complete the highest grades required of them at those times (third grade for father and fifth grade for mother), always placed priority on their children being educated and allowed to enjoy the finer things in life.  This they did by ensuring that each child attended school daily.  Of the eight of us, seven of us graduated from high school with perfect attendance.  My sister, who did not have perfect attendance, suffered from a congenital birth disorder and was not expected to live beyond the age of seven.  Consequently, she spent two years confined to a hospital during her high school experience.  Nonetheless, she was the first of my siblings to attend college; although, she passed away while in her second semester of her college experience.  My parents provided an opportunity for each of their eight children to attend college and/or business/trade schools.  Today, besides my sister who passed away while in college, three of us have matriculated and worked as teachers or business leaders. One of us is a senior level administrator in corporate America, another is a “self-made” entrepreneur.  Additionally, one is a school secretary, and yet another is a business manager.  From this description, it is plain to see that education was and is a priority in our home.

MPM: What do you think is the single most important  indicator of overall student  success?

Batiste: The single most important indicator of overall student success as I see it, is a student having a positive self-image of him or herself that communicates that he or she is happy with self and that other people believe in them and what they can do.  I know that this was the case for me.

MPM: What message would you like to leave with parents?

Batiste: The message I would like to leave with parents is that it is their duty and responsibility to foster positive, self-esteem building experiences with and for their children.  Although they may not always think that their young children are watching them, they are, and their memories of vivid experiences are incredible!

Carol Aleaxander-Lewis

Carol Aleaxander-Lewis

Publisher of Modern Parents Magazine

GUIDELINES to a Successful Family-School Relationship

Let’s consider specific guidelines to help you communicate effectively with your child’s teacher.

Practice these guidelines, and your child will reap the benefits.

Guideline 1: Identify the purpose for the conference.

Is it to become acquainted? Is it to alleviate your concerns about your child’s attitude towards reading and school? Is it to receive a report card or test scores? Each of these situations is vastly different and requires different preparation.

Guideline 2: Communicate the purpose for the conference.

If you are requesting the conference, immediately tell the teacher the purpose. This helps to alleviate any preconceived ideas the teacher may have about your request to hold a conference.

Guideline 3: Arrange the conference at the teacher’s convenience.

The teacher now has sufficient time to plan and to have the necessary information at the conference. An unplanned conference can turn out to be a waste of time for both teacher and parent and cause feelings of frustration.

Guideline 4: Plan for the conference.

Write out the areas and questions you want the conference to cover. Combine, delete, and clarify these questions; and, finally, prioritize them. By using this process, your most important questions will be answered in a clear, succinct manner.  Moreover, the teacher’s responses will likely be clearer and more to the point.

Guideline 5: Restate the purpose of the conference at the onset.

Try to stay on the predetermined topic(s) since your time together is limited.

Guideline 6: Display a positive attitude during the conference.

Be aware that not only what you say reflects your attitude, but also your tone of voice, facial expression, and body language. A loud voice may imply dominance.  Rigid posture may suggest anger or disapproval.  Always listen attentively and show your enthusiasm.

Guideline 7: Remain open and supportive throughout the conference.

Try not to become defensive or antagonistic; otherwise the outcome of the conference may be unfruitful. Strive for cooperation with your child’s teacher. Even if the teacher presents a negative side of your child’s behavior or informs you of other problems, try to remain objective. This can be difficult when it is your child, but he may experience as many or more difficulties if you and the teacher do not try to find a way to work together to solve these problems.

Guideline 8: Make sure suggestions are provided to increase your child’s growth.

If your child is doing well, find out what you can do to ensure continued success and progress. If he/she has difficulties, make sure the teacher goes beyond merely pointing out a problem. The teacher needs to provide ideas for eliminating or reducing the difficulty. Many parents become discouraged or aggravated if a teacher points out problems, but does not provide solutions. Do not allow this situation to occur. If immediate suggestions can not be provided, then a follow-up conference is needed.

Guideline 9: Ask for examples of daily work to better understand your child’s strengths and weaknesses.

By reviewing your child’s work, you will learn if progress has been made since the last conference. Have any weaknesses become more severe?  If improvement has not been made, are other methods or materials an option?  Inquire what you can do at home with your child.

Guideline 10: Clarify and summarize each important point as it is discussed.

Thus, both teacher and parent are better able to develop a mutual understanding and agreement. Let’s look at a conference in which a parent does a good job of clarifying and summarizing a major point.

Teacher: Kimberly has difficulties with oral reading. She is not reading smoothly and tends to read in a word-by-word fashion. If Kimberly reads along with a taped version of a book, her oral reading would improve. Can you provide Kimberly with taped versions of books?

Parent: Kimberly is a poor reader. Do you want me to make tapes of books so Kimberly can read along with the tapes?

Teacher: Yes, you can make tapes, but the public and school libraries can also provide you with tapes, cd’s and books. Also, I would like to clarify one point about Kimberly’s reading ability. She has some difficulty with oral reading, but I would not classify her as a poor reader.

Parent: Thank you for the clarification. Kimberly and I  will work together on improving oral reading. We will check the school and public libraries for some books and recordings.

If the parent had not summarized and clarified what was heard in this conference, a misconception may have developed. By suggesting that she would record books for Kimberly, the parent was able to find out whether the suggestion was appropriate, as well as learning about alternatives. Notice that this parent summarized the conference at the end.  As a result, both parties received the same message.

Guideline 11: Once agreement is reached, discuss the next topic.

During the conference, you may want the teacher to understand certain things about your child, or you may have a special request. Once your point is understood and the teacher has agreed, it is wise not to continue the same discussion. It may present new questions which may reverse your previous agreement. Once a decision is made, it is best to start discussing the next point. You will find the conference to be much more productive.

Guideline 12: Make sure you understand the information the teacher is supplying.

Often teachers use educational jargon, not realizing parents may not understand. Don’t be afraid to ask for an explanation or definition. Make sure when the conference ends you have understood all the information reported. If you are unclear or uncertain about any aspect of the conference, your child may not benefit and learning may be hindered. After all, don’t you encourage your child(ren) to ask questions when they do not understand? Simply follow your own advice here.

Guideline 13: Keep conferences short.

Conferences that run more than 40 minutes can be tiresome for both parent and teacher. If you can not accomplish all that has been planned, ask for another conference. By scheduling a future conference, you will have an opportunity to follow up on previous agreements and revise them, if necessary.

Remember, your child will benefit from an amicable, enthusiastic relationship between parent and teacher.  One should function as the support system for the other.   After all, this is one of the most important relationships you have as it relates to your child.

Carol Alexander-Lewis

Carol Alexander-Lewis

Publisher of Modern Parents Magazine